In the northern hemisphere solar panel orientation is unsuitable because they mainly point south. This enables them to generate the most electricity when the sun is highest in the sky and is shining straight down (or as near to that as possible) on the surface of tilted panels. This approach does allow the panels to generate the greatest possible amount of electricity, but not at the best time of day. This is because there are problems connecting intermittent sources of electricity to the grid. It seems midday electricity isn’t required so much as afternoon electricity. (I’m not sure what is required in the morning.)
More Information
Find out more detail about northern hemisphere solar panels pointing the wrong way in this article from The Telegraph.
This article describes the Dyson Slim DC18 Filter Cleaning process for the Pre-filter and the HEPA Post-filter.
Many devices in this world which pump air have air filters installed to prevent dirt getting into mechanical parts and clogging them up to the point where they perform badly or fail. The air filters clog instead and have to be replaced or cleaned at regular intervals. The Dyson Slim DC18 is no different. It has two air filters:
A Pre-filter (before the motor) which requires periodic cleaning by the user every 3 to 6 months under normal usage. This sits on top of the Cyclone within the Cyclone Assembly and is placed between the Cyclone and the motor. It prevents dirt entering the motor bearings or clogging up the space around the rotor.
A HEPA Post-filter (after the motor) which doesn’t require user attention. This sits on top of the motor and filters the air leaving the DC18. It captures allergenic particles which have been drawn into the cleaner and prevents them being reintroduced to the local atmosphere.
The method of cleaning the Pre-filter, on all the Dyson machines that I have seen, requires the air filter to be washed with water under a running tap. This is an easy way to clean a filter which is designed to be flexible so that it can be squeezed to remove the water it absorbs in the washing process. The dirt is washed away and doesn’t get into the air which would cause a breathing hazard for the user.
Diagrammatic Breakdown of a Dyson Slim DC18
Here is a very clear diagrammatic breakdown of: The parts of a DC18. I have named parts in my description to conform with it.
Air Flow Through A Dyson Slim DC18
Select image to enlarge it in another window.
Fig. 1, above, shows a block diagram of the air flow through a Dyson Slim DC18. This shows where, in the scheme, the filters are located.
Gaining Access To The Pre-filter
Below, in Fig’s. 2.1 to 2.3, are three images showing how the Pre-filter fits into a chamber on top of the Cyclone Assembly. Following the order of air flow through the DC18 this filter is situated between the Cyclone and the motor which pumps the air through. It catches particles escaping from the bin via the Cyclone and prevents them entering the motor.
Descriptions of the three images in Fig. 2 above:
Fig. 2.1: Bin & Cyclone Assembly with the Cyclone Cap closed.
Fig. 2.2: Bin & Cyclone Assembly with the Cyclone Cap open and the Pre-filter inserted.
Fig. 2.3: Bin & Cyclone Assembly with the Cyclone Cap open and the Pre-filter removed.
Fig. 3 shows the Pre-filter with its dimensions (seen upside down). It comes in two parts. The Filter proper, which is made of various water resistant layers of material moulded into a flexible ring of rubbery gel, and a plastic cylindrical container which fits over it.
The container has instructions printed on it, explaining in diagrammatic form how to clean and dry the filter, but it’s mainly a device with a handle enabling the user to extract the filter from the machine.
Fig. 4 shows the two parts separated. The circle of plastic in the centre of the cross is shaped like a thin section through the surface layer of an inverted cone so it can be gripped to pluck it from the machine. The seemingly sticky rubbery edge of the filter grips the inside of the container enough for the two to be lifted out together. Then they can be separated by pressing the filter pad to push out the filter while holding the container.
To remove the Pre-filter for washing:
Remove the Bin & Cyclone Assemblies from the DC18 as if to empty the bin.
Ease the Cyclone Cap Catch forward with a finger or thumb to disengage the Catch from the Cyclone.
Lift the front of the Cyclone Cap (it hinges at the back).
Lift the Pre-filter out of the Cyclone Chamber by gripping the blue cylindrical container’s handle (described earlier).
Hold the Pre-filter container at the edges with fingertips and press the Filter proper out by pushing it with the thumbs on the white upper layer of material.
Dyson Slim DC18 Filter Cleaning Process For The Pre-filter
To clean the Pre-filter proper:
Pluck visible dirt such as fluff off the filter with the fingers and dispose of it in a bin.
If available use another vacuum cleaner (e.g. a Dyson Animal) to remove surface dirt.
Thoroughly wet the filter under a running tap and squeeze out the water which should look dirty. The filter is very flexible. Squeeze it all ways and release it so that it absorbs more water.
Repeat the squeezing and releasing action many times under running water until the water comes out clean.
Finally squeeze out as much water as possible and leave the filter in a warm place (NOT on top of a radiator) to dry. This could take a whole day.
To reinstall the Pre-filter:
When the filter is completely dry reinsert it in the blue container (white side first).
Place the Pre-filter module in the Cyclone Chamber white side up, blue side down.
Close the Cyclone Cap. The Catch will click into the closed position.
Reattach the Bin & Cyclone Assemblies to the DC18.
The HEPA Filter is a Post-filter because it filters the air passing through the DC18 after it has passed through all parts. Its purpose is to filter out fine particles, particularly those causing allergies, and prevent them entering the atmosphere. For example a vacuum cleaner without a HEPA Filter would suck allergenic particles out of a carpet which would then pass all the way through the machine and its basic dirt filter and then be blown into the atmosphere of a room to then irritate its occupants who may be allergic to them. A HEPA filter fitted to filter the exhaust air of a vacuum cleaner keeps people with allergies safe.
The DC18′s HEPA Filter is intended to last for the lifetime of the cleaner and the user is not expected to perform any maintenance on it. However it can be removed and cleaned on the surface or replaced if a new one can be obtained.
Removing The HEPA Post-filter From The DC18
Where is the HEPA Post-filter? Fig. 5 shows how the HEPA Post-filter is situated immediately above the Motor Housing and covered by a transparent container with rectangular holes all around the top edge to let out the exhaust air from the DC18. The Collection Bin and Cyclone assemblies fit directly on top of it.
The transparent container is held down to the Motor Housing by four bayonet catches which are locked in place by an anti-clockwise twist (viewed from above). The image shows the two front catches. There are two more at the back (all are evenly spaced at 90º intervals).
The DC18 is constructed so that the transparent HEPA Filter container cannot be easily removed with a clockwise twist to unlock the bayonet catches. There is a tab at the back which engages with a hole in the back of the Lower Cable Winder. See the images below:
Descriptions of the four images in Fig. 6 above:
Fig. 6.1: Back with lower cable winder in situ.
Fig. 6.2: Back with lower cable winder removed & HEPA Filter Container in the locked position.
Fig. 6.3: Back of lower cable winder with lock hole circled.
Fig. 6.4: Back with lower cable winder removed & HEPA Filter Container in the unlocked position.
The Lower Cable Winder can be removed by unscrewing its 2 x T15 fixing screws which require a screwdriver with a TX-STAR security bit T15 to remove them.
After removing the Lower Cable Winder the HEPA Filter Container tab is released (see Fig. 6.2). It fits in a rectangular hole on the back of the Lower Cable Winder which locks it in place and prevents it being rotated and removed (see Fig. 6.3). After the tab is released the container can be rotated (see Fig. 5). Then when the bayonet catches have reached the limit of their clockwise travel the container can be lifted up. The HEPA Filter will remain inside it as it is lifted off the DC18.
To remove the HEPA Filter from the container turn it upside down and observe that two of the bayonet catches are on springy stalks because the container has slots cut in it on both sides of each catch. When the stalks are pushed outward the filter can pass by the catches. To perform the act of removal turn the container upside down and with the forefinger of each hand pull out the stalks until the filter drops out under the force of gravity. It can then be examined, replaced or vacuumed to get any visible dirt off it. In my case there was some small piles of dust on top of the motor and on the bottom of the filter. See Fig. 7, below, the HEPA Filter separated from its container:
Reinstalling the HEPA Post-filter
Reassembly is the reverse of disassembly:
Insert the HEPA Filter into the Filter Container.
Mount the Filter Container on top of the Motor.
Turn the Filter Container anticlockwise to lock it in place.
Reattach the Lower Cable Winder with 2 x T15 screws.
A friend of mine has a fence at the bottom of his garden made from six 6′ x 6′ (1.8m x 1.8m) interwoven panels erected on a three feet high bank of soil. His neighbours garden starts beyond the bank of soil. So work could be done on the bank to support the fence. The panels are fixed to 3inch2 (75mm2) posts dug into the bank of soil. Over a two year period the posts snapped one by one, at or just below ground level, due to wind pressure and rot. This has left the fence with broken timber fence posts throughout. Because they snapped one at a time the other posts held the fence up but the panels attached to the broken timber fence post were floppy and moved about in the wind begging to be repaired. So I repaired it only to find another snapped a few weeks later. Over time they all snapped and had to be repaired by the same or similar method. One end post has a simple horizontal stay going from midway up the post to a tree about two feet behind and to one side of it.
Ideally the posts would be replaced but I offered to do a quick fix as each one broke. I attached two diagonal stays from the middle of each post and two horizontal stays near the bottom. These stays cannot be seen from my friend’s garden because they are behind his fence. They have lasted for a year on all the posts with one exception. Continue reading →
Pop Goes That Theory if The Universe is Not Expanding
I have been brought up to understand that I live in an expanding universe, but now that theory has been popped. According to an article in Sci-News.com the universe is not expanding. Measurements have been made of the brightness of stars throughout the universe and they are not consistent with what theory predicts if the universe is expanding in the way presumed for many years. If there is no significant expansion then the red shift seen in the light from distant objects must have another cause.
Well how about this for a cause – all matter in the universe is becoming more massive with the progress of time as suggested in this New Cosmology Model. This suggests that the frequency of light given off by hot elements in stars has increased as time has elapsed. So an element radiating a particular frequency in the past now radiates a higher frequency.
If the evidence mounts we may return to theories relating to a Steady State universe. We now have evidence to show it has changed enormously throughout its existence but there may not be a requirement for it to have begun with a Big Bang. Then there is no need for Inflation either, except for the problem of uniformity as seen in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB).
Controversy rages over what shape of plate food should be served on:
Square plates are an ‘abomination’ according to a report about MasterChef judge William Sitwell’s view in the Telegraph. Apparently Mr Sitwell is to hold a ‘Square Plate’ amnesty at the Towcester Food Festival on the 7th and 8th of June 2014. He doesn’t plan to destroy them Greek style. He’s going to give them to charity. This means they will still be in circulation and may be eaten from. I can’t really stand a round plant pot on a square plate can you.
The square plate issue came to light in the BBC MasterChef competition when Mr Sitwell (a judge by invitation) made it clear he didn’t like a contestant’s food because it was served on a square plate. He is of the opinion that a square plate suggests a chef using one raises presentation above flavour. Continue reading →
I bought a pair of Merrell MOAB boots for £115 (see featured image) from Millets in Derby 40 days ago and this morning I came back from walking my dog, Leo, and found my left sock was wet because those Merrell boots let in water. They were sold to me as waterproof. Every day I walk a minimum of five miles, 1.5 miles in the morning over wet grass when Leo chases a tennis ball, and 3.5 miles in the afternoon when he just walks. I cannot tolerate wet feet on a regular basis. I must have waterproof shoes or boots. Wellingtons are no good for walking a long distance. My last pair of walking shoes split where the upper and sole join on one foot. That was detected by a wet foot too. Continue reading →
Has a new era begun? One pint glass tankards seen in Dalston pubs in London such as The Shacklewell Arms.
A lengthy report from the BBC tells that these drinking vessels may be returning to some pubs frequented by young people in London. They disappeared from pubs around 2001 when the company making them, Ravenhead Glass in St Helens, closed their factory. They are now made in Turkey apparently.
Not everyone is so nostalgic. Some think that the old glass tankard is not so good for the beer as a modern narrow glass. The old ones have a poor open surface to volume ratio, I believe, allowing the bubbles to escape too soon after the pint is pulled. Yes these pubs PULL their pints.
